Kerala, the land of my birth, is
very similar to Lanka in its topography, climate, fauna flora and even the
cultural and ethnic qualities of its peoples. The phonetics of the Malayalam
language is more similar to the spoken Tamil of Jaffna than that of
South India; yet, the morphology of the Malayalam
alphabets is more similar to those of the Sinhala language than the Tamil. The
industrious and adventurous nature with their thirst for education make Keralians
more similar to the people of the North than those of the South in this
country. But, in their social and domestic habits Keralians are more similar to
the Sinhalese than the Tamils.
Like Ceylon, the chief products of
Kerala are tea, rubber, coconut, paddy and spices. Kerala, like Ceylon, has a
coconut-growing wet zone where the Malayalees live, and a palmyra-growing dry
zone where the Tamils live. After India attained independence the
palmyra country was merged with the Tamil Nadu. The present Kerala is the
Malayalam-speaking coconut country formed by the merger of Malabar, Travancore
and Cochin.
The meaning of the word Kerala itself is the 'land of coconut’.
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Devprayag: beginning of the Ganges proper
Courtesy: Wikipedia |
The three main religious
communities of Kerala arc the Hindus, the Syrian Christians, and the Moplah
Muslims. They live happily as good neighbours, sharing many social customs in
common.
As in Ceylon, witchcraft and devil dances
thrive even to this day among the villagers in Kerala. More than half a century
ago, when I was a young boy, it was a common practice to resort to witchcraft
whenever anything untoward happened in the family. Most householders, as a
result of superstitious beliefs, treasured some sort of' sacred' medicine or
talisman which, they imagined, could affect magical cures for all their
ailments. For the Nairs it was the 'sacred' water - theertham - from the holy river Ganges, brought by pilgrims who
returned from the' sacred' city of Ben
ares. For the Syrian Christians it was often the sanctified oil from Antioch or tile 'sacred' water from Lourdes. For the Moplahs it was the water
sanctified by the container made to touch the 'sacred' Kaaba stone at Mecca brought yearly by
the Haji pilgrims.
From 1921 to 24 my younger
brother the late Dr. Behanan T. Kovoor of the Yale University, U. S., and I
were students at the University
of Calcutta. The city of Calcutta is about 1500
miles from my native town Tiruvalla. It took about five days for us to reach Calcutta by train.
A trip from Tiruvalla to the
distant city on the banks of the river Ganges,
by two young boys in search of higher education was an unusual event those days
along the people of our neighbourhood. Because of the long distance and the
heavy expense involved, we used to come home only once a year during the long
mid-summer vacation.
Ceremonial Send-Off
Our departure to Calcutta after the
holidays was a ceremonial affair. Days before our departure, both my brother
and I were feted by our neighbours. During the last few days of our holidays we
had practically all our meals in the neighbouring houses irrespective of caste,
creed or class. Almost all the Nair families wanted us to bring for them, when
we returned at least a few drops of' theertham'
(Ganges water). For them, we were extremely
fortunate because even in our boyhood we would be getting a chance of bathing
in the 'sacred' waters of the 'holy' Ganges,
and thus attain 'moksha' without much
effort.
 |
A girl selling plastic containers
for carrying Ganges water, Haridwar.
Courtesy: Wikipedia |
On the day of departure, our
house and courtyard used to get crowded with men, women and children from the
neighbouring houses. The men folks in our neighbourhood, who were mostly
farmers and petty land-owners, kept away from their normal work that day for
the sake of bidding us farewell.
After prayers and blessings by
our family priest the Rev. K.P. Thomas, a beloved cousin of mine, our mother
insisted that we went round to all the elderly men and women in the group to
receive their blessings, which they did by placing their hands on our
foreheads, with tears rolling down their cheeks. Many women used to burst out
into loud weeping. The sympathetic effect of their weeping on our tender minds
made us also shed tears. It was really a touching separation, the effect of
which used to linger in our minds throughout the whole journey. Fortunately, on
reaching Calcutta,
the multifarious attractions of the big city, and the boisterous life in our
hostel made us forget fast all about the home and our good neighbours. Such
thoughts came back to our minds only when the time for our return trip
approached during the next summer.
The Ganges
The river Ganges which has its
source in the 'sacred' Kailas (Himalayas) flows down the Gangetic plain for
about 1500 miles and falls into the Bay of Bengal.
Calcutta is at
the mouth of this river. It is in flood throughout the summer months when the snow
on the Himalayas melts. Since it is a
fast-flowing river, its water is always muddy.
During my long stay in Bengal I bathed in this river only once. It became my
first and last bathe in that river because of a shocking experience I had on
that occasion. As I lifted my head out of the water after a long immersion my
head came in contact with a white and slimy object. It turned out to be a
highly decomposed dismembered human hand, partially eaten away by fish. It
made me sick, and I had to go without food for a couple of days.
Though prohibited by law at
present, during the days of my youth it was the usual practice among the Hindus
of North India to ceremoniously deposit the dead bodies of their dear ones into
the 'sacred' waters of this holy river. By this they insured 'moksha' for their departed souls. Those
who lived far away from this river had to be satisfied by throwing the ashes
into it after cremation. More than half a century ago one could see at any time
numerous floating carcasses flowing down this river in various stages of
decomposition. Thousands of dead bodies were dumped into this so-called sacred
river every day at hundreds of cities, towns and villages along the banks of
this long river. Yet, millions of pilgrims from allover India 'purify'
themselves by not only bathing in it, but also by drinking the polluted water.
I have seen devotees pushing away carcasses which come their way, and continue
their ablutions. They were brainwashed from childhood into the belief that in
spite of the presence of decomposing carcasses in it, the water of the Ganges is pure and 'sacred'.
As a result of the abhorrence
after my first nauseous experience in this 'holy' river, I decided not to take
even a drop of water from it to my good neighbours. Since Behanan and I were
reluctant to disappoint them, we decided to substitute some good well water for
the Ganges water.
The nearest Railway Station to
Tiruvalla those days was Kottarakkara. When we got down from the train at
Kottarakkara we used to fill two bottles with drinking water from the filter in
the waiting room, cork them properly and keep them along with our luggage. From
that time onwards the water in the two bottles was called 'theertham' .
To reach Tiruvalla we had to
travel about 56 miles by transport bus. There were many buses running on this
route, all belonging to different operators. There was much rivalry and
competition among those bus operators. This competition was a boon for the
passengers as they received very polite and liberal treatments from them. As
there was no governmental control over bus transport those days, buses came and
went at unscheduled times, took whichever routes the driver liked, stopped
whenever the passengers wanted, and cancelled trips according to the whims and
fancies of the operators.
To make sure of their fare the
conductors and cleaners of the few buses at the Kottarakkara Railway Station
used to struggle among themselves to put the luggage of the waiting passengers
on the hood of their own buses. Once the luggage was on the top of their bus,
they were sure that the owner of the luggage would get into their bus.
When the conductors and cleaners
handle our luggage roughly in their struggle to secure their fare, we used to
'beg them to be extra careful about the handling of the two bottles of 'theertham'. The word 'theertham' had an electrifying effect on
them as well as the other fellow passengers. They handled the two bottles with
due respect, and saw that both of us were given specially reserved seats by the
side of the driver. Finally, on reaching Tiruvalla, the bus is diverted from
the normal route with the sardine-packed passengers in it, and driven to an
extra distance of about two miles to drop us at Kovoor house. After dropping
our luggage and us at home the conductor produced a small phial with the humble
request for a small quantity of the theertham
to be shared among the driver, the cleaner, and himself.
Miracle Cures
We used to entrust the two
bottles of theertham to our devoted
Christian mother. With pride and pleasure she used to distribute the theertham to our Nair neighbours
according to their needs. Till the death of our beloved mother in 1942 she was
not told the real truth about the theertham.
During the first two days of our arrival home, our neighbours used to flow in
to greet us and to get their share of the sacred water.
Next mid-summer too the same
fraud was repeated with all solemnity. Thus, for four consecutive years we
continued to cheat our Christian mother and the Hindu neighbours with the
Kottarakkara Railway Station water, and every holiday we had to give patient
hearing to the numerous accounts of miraculous cures affected by the previous
year's supply.
Puthur Raman Nair had this to
say: "During the last two years we had no need to seek medical help. My
mother had a severe attack of diarrhea last April. I just gave her a spoonful
of honey with two drops of the theertham
in it. That was all. Within three hours she was perfectly cured".
Kilannaparampil Lakshmi Amma
said, "Every time my daughte,r got cold ot fever, a single drop of the theertham gave her perfect relief. I was
wbject to severe migraine since I had a miscarriage three years ago. Now when I
get any symptom of the head-ache coming on, I simply apply a drop of the theertham on my forehead and it stops
with that. Even if it comes, the pain is only very slight."
Vettuvelil Parukutty who had two
difficult and complicated childbirths when she gave birth to her first two
children, had a very easy one at home when her third child was born. All what
she did at the third time was to take two drops of the theertham immediately when the labour pain started.
Oliprakkatu Narayana Kuruppu
proved the miraculous power of the theertham
by an experimental research. He had two grafted mango trees in his garden. Both
were of the same stock and of the same age. During the dry season he watered
the two trees. Once he added a few drops of the theertham to the water he poured for one of the trees. When the
flowering season arrived the tree which got a dose of the theertham flowered, while the other tree produced only a crop of
tender leaves.
Chankroth Patchu Pillai immunised
all the members of his family by pouring a spoonful of the theertham into the family well. Since taking this precaution not a
single member of the Chankroth family fell ill.
There were numerous similar
stories of miracles narrated by our neighbours who came to repeat their request
for a further supply.
Explanation
The belief in miraculous powers
of holy water is very ancient. Men in every walk and clime have maintained
superstitious beliefs in the miraculous powers of sacred and holy objects,
persons, places and times. Apart from the psychological effects of suggestion
on their minds, there is absolutely no evidence to show that there are
objective merits in such beliefs. Just as beneficial effects can be had by
hypnotic suggestions, it is possible to have harmful effects, also by such
suggestions or beliefs. Many of the neurotic subjects at mental hospitals are
the final results of diverse types of superstitious beliefs. He who believes in
sacredness is sure to get mentally tormented by acts of desecration too.
Psychology tells us that such mental traumas are the causes of neurotic afflictions,
mostly among the credulous and mentally feeble types. Among the numerous
neurotics brought to me, I have found by statistics that the prevalence of
neurosis among communities is directly proportional to the extent of
superstitious beliefs held by them. Even in such communities, there are more
women neurotics than men for the same reason. Better education for girls, and
relaxation of the strict observance of the purdah, can help to a great extent
to reduce neurosis among women.
A present Deputy Director of Education
was some years ago teaching at Jaffna
Central College,
where I too was a teacher. One day he drank some water from a 'kooja' kept in the staff room. A few
hours later another teacher drained the last quantity of water from that kooja into a glass tumbler. Out came a
small dead snake along with the water. The Director who heard about it became
violently sick. The nausea was continuous, and we got alarmed. Finally, it
stopped abruptly when he was convinced that the water he drank was from another
kooja which was on the same table.
Though the water he drank was from the same kooja.
His nausea stopped when he was made to believe blindly that he drank from
another. This shows how one can get sick and get cured psychologically. But to
argue that sickness which is not psychosomatic in origin can be cured by faith
is absurd.
The Kottarakkara Railway station
water did not do any miracle in our neighbourhood. Our neighbours' anecdotes
simply showed the credulous nature of those simple folks woo were brainwashed
from childhood about the miraculous properties of the theertham. Discarding logic and reason, their conditioned minds
only attempted to give interpretations and explanations to suit their blind
beliefs.
The so-called beneficial effects
of sacrifices, pilgrimages, offerings, prayers, blessings, worships, vows,
consecrations, dedications, ordinations, Lourdes water, theerthams, prasadhams,
sacraments, baptism, anointing, holy ash, yagna,
pooja etc., are of superstitious beliefs. He who believes in sacredness is
sure to get mentally tormented by acts of desecration too. Psychology tells us
that such mental traumas are the causes of neurotic afflictions, mostly among
the credulous and mentally feeble types. Among the numerous neurotics brought
to me, I have found by statistics that the prevalence of neurosis among
communities is directly proportional to the extent of superstitious beliefs
held by them. Even in such communities, there are more women neurotics than men
for the same reason. Better education for girls, and relaxation of the strict
observance of the purdah, can help to a great extent to reduce neurosis among
women.
Academic education and
intelligence need not be considered as marks of non-gullibility. In fact, some
of the highly educated persons in exalted positions are extremely gullible,
even resorting to witchcraft. It is only persons capable of rational thinking
who can free themselves from credulity. Blind believers are mentally blind in
spite of their intelligence and education.
Recently much newspaper publicity
was given to the alleged healing power of one D.C. Wijemanne, who calls himself
'Uthama Sadhu'. Numerous persons,
including an ex-cabinet minister, are reported to have gone to this man to get
their diseases cured by being blessed by this man.
Like the Railway Station water,
it was not the non-existing power of Wijemanne which affected the alleged
cures, but the credulity of the minister and the others who went to him to get
blessed made them imagine that they were cured.
If the Minister was really
convinced about the healing power of Wijemanne, as one who was responsible for
the welfare of this country, it was his duty to have persuaded his colleague
the then Minister of Health to appoint 'Uthama Sadhu' to the General Hospital,
so that the country as a whole could benefit.
If 'Uthama Sadhu's claims are
true, we can expect hundreds and thousands of incurable cases being brought to Ceylon
from allover the world for miraculous cures. Indirectly this might even solve
our problem of foreign assets!
Courtesy: Abraham Kovoor, Exposing Paranormal Claims, Published by
B Pemanand, Indian CSICOP, Podannur- 641023, Date of Publication: 15-03-2000
When there is any sickness or accident
etc. in the house, the tantrik is called to pacify the anger of goddess
Kali. First, he conducts havan burning firewood and ghee. He then pours
blood in a plate, keeps a lit lamp over it and covers the lamp with a vessel.
He goes around the lota praying to the goddess to drink the blood and
bless the family. When he completes three rounds the blood in the plate
disappears. The household is satisfied. After collecting his fees, he puts the
plate and the vessel in his bag and walks away. 
